Role of 5-Methylcytosine Oxidation in Mammalian Development

Job of 5-Methylcytosine Oxidation in Mammalian Development Iram Ali 5-methylcytosine (5mc) is the methylated type of DNA at the 5-position of the DNA base cytosine found in warm blooded creatures. Its essentialness is in epigenetic alteration, which shows a significant job being developed and genome guideline. Moreover the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine in Tet catalyzed responses has been proposed to assume a crucial job in the guideline of translation and quality articulation, and DNA de-methylation (Wu and Zhang, 2011). There has been a lot of examination into 5-methylcytosine oxidation; obviously demonstrating that 5-methylcytosine oxidation in the genome affects mammalian advancement because of its commitment to typical mammalian improvement just as being related with infection. This is an audit of ongoing examination in the key jobs of 5-methylcytosine oxidation items in the improvement of warm blooded creatures. As portrayed by Liu et al., (2013) the expansion of a methyl bunch during DNA methylation in warm blooded animals happens at the situation of fifth carbon of cytosine buildups fundamentally at CpG dinucleotide districts. Methylation of DNA assumes a job in subduing quality articulation including stifling transposable components (TEs) (Ito et el., 2011). This procedure of methylation is first settled during early stage advancement in embryogenesis and afterward held during cell division because of the nearness of different again DNA methyltransferases (DNMT). Exploration shows the centrality of cytosine methylation in mammalian advancement as it was seen that mice that need DNA methyltransferases will kick the bucket at 4 years old weeks (Liu et al., 2013). 5-methylcytosine is a significant epigenetic marker, as methylation of cytosine in DNA has a primary job in quality articulation because of methylated qualities in the DNA having the option to communicate diversely despite the fact that the DNA succession continues as before. It has additionally been perceived that CpGs can be methylated in different territories of the genome because of contrasts in cell type and in purposes of advancement (Xu et al., 2013). Ongoing investigations inside the past have proposed that abnormality in DNA methylation example can make the procedure become lacking through either inactive or dynamic components. Uninvolved cytosine DNA demethylation alludes to expulsion of DNMT1 action during cell division. Dynamic cytosine DNA demethylation alludes to the 5-methylcytosine being changed over to cytosine because of the evacuation of a methyl gathering, which is autonomous of DNA replication. These systems of DNA demethylation are related with surrenders being developed (Liu et al., 2013). A progression of enzymatic oxidation responses in the genome utilizing ten-eleven translocation 1-3 proteins, otherwise called TET dioxygenases, permit 5-methylcytosine to deliver 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5HmC), 5-formylcytosine (5FoC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5CaC). The Tet-catalyzed process depends on iron and alpha-ketoglutarate subordinate oxidation. This arrangement of oxidation responses is supposed to be connected to dynamic mammalian cytosine demethylation (Ito et al., 2011). DNA demethylation can be ordered as either worldwide alluding to genome wide, or locus explicit alluding to simply certain groupings being methylated. In warm blooded creatures, genome wide DNA de-methylation is said to happen in mouse early stage germ cells (PGCs) in undeveloped organisms as ahead of schedule as E8.5-E11.5 days (Schomacher 2011). During early embryogenesis it has been proposed that evacuation followed by re-foundation of cytosine methylation happens in a procedure of major reinventing. Because of the ten-eleven translocation proteins being able to change over 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, there is a likelihood that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may work in an epigenetic way and may add to dynamic modifications in the guideline of interpretation and in DNA methylation during embryogenesis. Exploration shows that early stage undifferentiated organisms express elevated levels of the Tet dioxygenases Tet1, and sensibly significant levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine contrasted with numerous differential cells. The enormous conveyance of Tet1 and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine all through the undeveloped undifferentiated organisms of the mouse genome, exhibit the job of Tet proteins and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in controlling quality articulation related with cell separation and pluripotency (Wu and Zhang, 2011)2. The event of oxidation of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA to 5-carboxylcytosine, and ensuing thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) extraction of 5-carboxycytosine is said to build up a course for dynamic DNA demethylation. Also concentrate into TDG decrease in mouse early stage undifferentiated organisms has been found to cause an obvious develop of 5-carboxylcytosine. Exploration indicated that 5-carboxylcytosine was missing in the undeveloped immature microorganisms and neurons of mice who introduced significant levels of Tet dioxygenases. Anyway 5-carboxylcytosine supposedly was artificially steady and didn't unreservedly decarboxylate to cytosine, inferring that in genomic DNA, 5-carboxylcytosine might be effectively expelled legitimately in the wake of being produced in cells (He et al., 2011). Moreover, it is recommended that oxidation items 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine can participate in the base extraction fix (BER) instrument. This permits 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine to be extracted trailed by being fixed prompting recovery as unmodified cytosines by thymine DNA glycosylase. Exploration, utilizing genome wide conveyance maps, into TDG inadequate early stage undeveloped cells, found that decrease of TDG in mouse early stage undifferentiated cells caused perceptible develop of 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine in qualities. Accordingly, these outcomes suggest that dynamic DNA demethylation is TDG subordinate and happens broadly in the mammalian genome (Shen et el., 2013). Furthermore, so as to decide whether oxidation of 5-methylcytosine to 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine happens in the zygote in vivo, research was directed in which antibodies were delivered explicit for 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine. An immuno-recoloring method established that the exhaustion of 5-methylcytosine in the mouse fatherly pronucleus is accompanying with the nearness of 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine. It was remarkably huge that as opposed to being in a split second expelled, both oxidation items showed weakening which was replication-subordinate during preimplantation improvement in mice. (Inoue et al., 2011) It is very much perceived that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is related with mammalian turn of events, as studies show the significance of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine movement in both detached and dynamic DNA demethylation, during periods of reinventing being developed. It has likewise been discovered that cerebrum tissue has abundant measure of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine proposing that the mammalian mind depends on 5-hydroxymethylcytosine for advancement. As of late, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine has likewise been related with a possible job in disease as momentum research has recommended that the degrees of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine are significantly diminished in tumor cells. Likewise it has been recommended that changes in the Tet2 protein can cause absence of capacity which may likewise be embroiled in tumor concealment (Pfeifer et al., 2013). Taking everything into account, adjusted forms of cytosine because of oxidation by Tet proteins, are significant in the jobs of DNA demethylation and reconstructing of immature microorganisms. Henceforth, future extra examination into the capacity of Tet proteins and further propelled undifferentiated cell exploration could profit by procuring more information into modifications in DNA methylation. This will significantly create comprehension of epigenetic guideline in typical mammalian turn of events and infection. References Wu, H. also, Zhang, Y. (2011) Mechanisms and elements of Tet protein-intervened 5-methylcytosine oxidation Genes Dev, 25 (23), pp. 2436-2452 Liu, S., Wang, J., Su, Y., Guerrero, C., Zeng, Y., Mitra, D., Brooks, P. J., Fisher, D. E., Song, H. also, Wang, Y. (2013) Quantitative appraisal of Tet-prompted oxidation results of 5-methylcytosine in cell and tissue DNA Nucleic acids research, 41 (13), pp. 6421-6429 Ito, S., Shen, L., Dai, Q., Wu, S. C., Collins, L. B., Swenberg, J. A., He, C. also, Zhang, Y. (2011) Tet proteins can change over 5-methylcytosine to 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine Science, 333 (6047), pp. 1300-1303 Xu, Y., Wu, F., Tan, L., Kong, L., Xiong, L., Deng, J., Barbera, A. J., Zheng, L., Zhang, H., Huang, S. also, Others. (2011) Genome-wide guideline of 5hmC, 5mC, and quality articulation by Tet1 hydroxylase in mouse undeveloped foundational microorganisms Molecular cell, 42 (4), pp. 451-464 Schomacher, L. (2013) Mammalian DNA demethylation Epigenetics, 8 (7), pp. 679-684 Wu, H. furthermore, Zhang, Y. (2011) Tet1 and 5-hydroxymethylation Cell Cycle, 10 (15), pp. 2428-2436 He, Y., Li, B., Li, Z., Liu, P., Wang, Y., Tang, Q., Ding, J., Jia, Y., Chen, Z., Li, L. furthermore, Others. (2011) Tet-interceded arrangement of 5-carboxylcytosine and its extraction by TDG in mammalian DNA Science, 333 (6047), pp. 1303-1307 Shen, L., Wu, H., Diep, D., Yamaguchi, S., D’Alessio, A. C., Fung, H., Zhang, K. what's more, Zhang, Y. (2013) Genome-wide examination uncovers TET-and TDG-subordinate 5-methylcytosine oxidation elements Cell, 153 (3), pp. 692-706 Inoue, A., Shen, L., Dai, Q., He, C. what's more, Zhang, Y. (2011) Generation and replication-subordinate weakening of 5fC and 5caC during mouse preimplantation advancement Cell research, 21 (12), pp. 1670-1676 Pfeifer, G. P., Kadam, S. what's more, Jin, S. (2013) 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and its possible jobs being developed and malignant growth Epigenetics Chromatin, 6 (10), pp. 1-9.

The Post Human Architectural Body

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Blog Archive Columbia Business School Essay Analysis, 20132014

Blog Archive Columbia Business School Essay Analysis, 2013â€"2014 Update: Click here for the 2015-2016 Columbia Business School Essay Analysis   This year, Columbia Business School (CBS) continues a trend that has developed over the past three seasons, once again reducing the number of words applicants can use to tell their story. Last year, CBS allowed applicants 200 characters with which to respond to its short-answer question and 1,250 words total for its three essaysâ€"not much room to showcase one’s strongest attributes and set oneself apart from the pack. Now CBS candidates have a mere 100 characters for the short-answer question and 1,000 words for the three essays. Unfortunately, this reduced word count does not make your task as an applicant any easierâ€"especially when you have only one essay (Essay 3) in which to discuss something outside the professional/academic realm and reveal your more personal side. Hopefully, our essay analysis can help you strategize… Short Answer Question: What is your immediate post-MBA professional goal? (100 characters maximum) Do not pretend to be anything you are not. Reveal honest, ambitious goals that are also realistic. These two sentences are 98 characters long. You can now see just how brief you need to be with CBS’s short-answer question. Yet you must still demonstrate that you can convey a point within such strict limits. So, we are sticking with the advice in our example. Do not misguidedly believe that admissions officers have a preference for specific professions or industriesâ€"they do not. Think about what you truly want to do with your career and state it directly. Then be sure that the rest of your application provides evidence that this goal connects to your existing skills and profound interests, making your professed goal achievable and lending credibility to your statement here. If you can do this in 100 charactersâ€"and remember that we are talking about characters, not wordsâ€"you will have answered this question quite well. Essay 1: Given your individual background, why are you pursuing a Columbia MBA at this time? (Maximum 500 words) Because the CBS admissions committee is asking “why” you have chosen to pursue an MBA, you can justifiably delve into your professional career and explain how you identified your need for this particular advanced degree. However, take care not to overwhelm the admissions committee with an unnecessary level of detail about your career history. We cannot emphasize this strongly enoughâ€"the admissions committee does not want a recap of your entire resumeâ€"moreover, such detail would use up valuable word count. Approximately 100â€"150 words on your past should be enough to provide appropriate context. You could perhaps offer an anecdote that reveals an academic or experiential void on your part, or explain that now is the right time for you because you have just completed a lengthy assignment and are ready to transition to the next phase of your career. A number of good reasons exist for wanting to earn your MBA nowâ€"just make sure that in your essay, the story of your progression is clear and you demonstrate the momentum and advancement that have brought you to this point. You will then need to explain how and why an MBA will serve as a bridge to the next level of your career. Notice that the school very specifically asks why you wish to earn a “Columbia MBA,” so you absolutely must incorporate into your essay elements of the CBS experience that are pertinent to your candidacy. Do not just list classes, but give a reasoned argument that explains how your goals, timing and CBS all intersect to make this the right time and the right experience for you. Because personal statements are similar from one application to the next, we have produced the mbaMission Personal Statement Guide, which helps applicants write this style of essay for any school. We offer this guide to candidates free of charge. Please feel free to download your copy today. For a thorough exploration of CBS’s academic program/merits, defining characteristics, crucial statistics, social life, academic environment and more, please check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guide to Columbia Business School. We also suggest that you visit the campus (a must if you live anywhere near New York) and use your network to connect with students to gain a firsthand understanding of the CBS experience. Essay 2: Columbia Business School is located in the heart of the worlds business capital â€" Manhattan. How do you anticipate that New York City will impact your experience at Columbia? (Maximum 250 words) Please view the videos below: New York City limitless possibilities New York City fast paced and adaptable This question may seem challenging, but the key here is not to consider what New York City offers in general, but to instead focus on what you need from your educational experience and then address how this will be fulfilled or enhanced by the school’s location. We strongly encourage you to develop your core ideas  before  you watch the two videos the school provides as context for this question. Watching these videos first might lead you to deliver a canned or clichéd response, rather than honestly contemplating your needs and New York City’s ability to respond to them. If you find that your sincere reasons for wanting to study in New York City are ones that others can also claimâ€"such as proximity to Wall Streetâ€"you will need to do your homework and take your research a step further. Offering proximity to Wall Street alone would constitute a clichéd response, but taking your essay to a more granular level and discussing how specific experiential opportunities speak directly to your niche interests will allow you to “own” those resources and really personalize this brief, 250-word essay. Essay 3: What will the people in your Cluster be pleasantly surprised to learn about you? (Maximum 250 words) Stop now and consider what the admissions officers will already know about you at this point from the other elements of your application they have reviewed thus far. They will probably have read your resume and thus gotten a sense of your career path to date. Your other essays should have provided an understanding of your goals and why you want to be at CBS and in New York City. They may have had some brief glimpses into your personality through these avenues, but this essay is your overt opportunityâ€"albeit briefâ€"to give the admissions committee a sense of your true character. The key words in this question are “pleasantly surprised.” Although you certainly want to offer something surprising, you obviously do not want that surprise to be unpleasant. “Surprise” does not need to be understood as “shocked.” Do not think you need to totally revolutionize their understanding of you in a mere 250 words (though if you can, that is fine). Our point is that you should not worry if you have not climbed Mount Everest or launched a $50M venture capitalâ€"backed start-up. You are not expected to have spectacular achievement to shareâ€"CBS just wants to get to know you better by learning about an interesting aspect of your life. Whether you spent a month volunteering in Peru, helped put your sister through school or are passionate about flamenco dancing, these are all suitable stories, and one is not necessarily better than the other. What is important is that you show  how  what you do is manifest. You must offer a narrative that engages the reader in your actions and emphasizes  how  you conduct yourself. We should note that you do not need to answer a question that was not asked. So in this case, you do not need to tie your response to CBS and explain how this aspect of your life will allow you to contribute to the school or your cluster. Not only is this unnecessary, but such attempts are also often transparent and cloying. If the school wanted you to include such information, it would have asked for it. Optional Essay: An optional third essay will allow you to discuss any issues that do not fall within the purview of the required essays. However tempted you might be, this is not the place to paste in a strong essay from another school or to offer a few anecdotes that you were unable to use in any of your other essays. Instead, this is your opportunity, if needed, to address any lingering questions that an admissions officer may have about your candidacy, such as a poor grade or overall GPA, a low GMAT score, a gap in your work experience, etc. In our  mbaMission Optional Statement Guide, we offer detailed advice on when and how to take advantage of the optional essay, with multiple examples, to help you mitigate any problem areas in your profile. Share ThisTweet 2013-2014 Columbia University (Columbia Business School) MBA Essay Analysis

The Battle Of The American Civil War - 869 Words

A Confederate Divided The American Civil War has become a point of controversy and argument when discussing key events in shaping America. The arguments that arise when discussing the war tend to focus on whether the Confederate was constitutionally justified in seceding, or whether the North had the right to prevent the secession. However, when discussing the America Civil War and the idea of separation, it is important to be mindful that separation did not simply end at the state level. Letters written by Jesse Rolston, Jr. and Jedediah Hotchkiss portray two significantly different attitudes toward the war, despite the fact that the writers both fought for the Confederate States and give accounts of the same battle, one of which ended in the Confederate’s favor. When examining the documents, both writers express different viewpoints on life on and off the battlefield. This significant difference represents a division amongst the Confederate army. The letter from Jesse Rolston immediately establishes himself as a very humble soldier. He is presumably an infantryman, as he gives personal accounts of his part in the battle. Rolston’s intention when writing this letter is mainly an attempt to reassure his family that he is still alive and wishes to return home. He states â€Å"how much [more] satisfied [he] would be [if he were home], where [he] could be with [his wife] and the children and hear them prattle†. Jedediah Hotchkiss’ letter portrays a man of higher militaryShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The American Civil War Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pages How could a traumatic war possibly be a great cause to our country? The battles of the American Civil War for example, has dramatically affected this country in a plethora of ways; from abolishing slavery in the South, uniting the United States, and changing the political and social ways of how we are today. However, these are not the only changes to occur. Military and medicine started to advance, and even different cultures and languages began to develop across the land. As of today, it has beenRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War905 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil war occurred about seventy-eight years after the American Revolution, and has many of the same characteristics of a revolution. In both wars, the American people fought for what they believed in and the way of life that they wished to live. However, the two wars differ from each other, as the soldiers that fought in the Civil War fought a new American Revolution that could have split the new world. The Confederate soldiers in the Civil War fought to keep their way of life withoutRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War1140 Words   |  5 PagesOn April 12th 1861 the famous American Civil War began, citizens from all over the United states fought against one another. The war pitted brother against brother in a fight primarily over the freedom of slaves. The majority of soldiers in the Civil War were white especially those serving the southern regiments, however African Americans served as well. The black regiments of the military during the civil were successful and essential. These African Americans were referred to as Buffalo SoldiersRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War1335 Words   |  6 Pagesback with hindsight and the knowledge of warfare of the 21st century it is easy to say that the American Civil War was simply put, a very traditional war. Thinking of modern tactics and a course of numbers and deployment one might come to the conclusion that the Civil W ar was fought centuries ago; nevertheless, it only occurred 152 years ago. This hard fought national struggle was in fact a very modern war for many simple reasons, including the emergence of a new form of large national government withRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War1425 Words   |  6 PagesThree years after the attack on Fort Sumter, one of the most controversial battles of the American Civil War was fought in West Tennessee. The battle at Fort Pillow, located near the Mississippi River about 50 miles north of Memphis, was a bloody slaughter of a mixed Union garrison. The garrison was comprised of 557 men total, about half of those men were African American s in the 6th U.S. Regiment Colored Heavy Artillery, and the 2nd Colored Light Artillery, commanded by Major Lionel F. Booth.Read MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War998 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil War was fought from April 12th 1861 to May 9th 1865 to mark the bloodiest clash in American history. The civil war started as a result of differences between the free and slave states over the authority of the national government to outlaw slavery in the Southern states. The economy of the northern states had modernized and industrialization had taken root. They had invested heavily in their transport system, financial industries and communications network. The Southern economyRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War1018 Words   |  5 Pages On September 17, 1862, the Union and Confederate armies met near the Maryland village of Sharpsburg in a battle that still remains the single bloodiest day in American history. The battle consisted of many attacks and counterattacks between Union General George B. McClellan and The Army of the Potomac against Confederate Robert E. Lee and his Army of Northern Virginia. Despite being heavily outnumbered, the Confederates managed to fight relentlessly over the course of the struggle. However, afterRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War2055 Words   |  9 PagesThe American Civil War was an infamous struggle fought, primarily, on the issue of slavery. This war shook the nation to its very core, and its legacy has lived on in the hearts and minds of American citizens. Few words have a stronger impact, or strike as familiar of a note, as the words â€Å"Four score and seven years ago.† Americans recognize this statement on a subconscious level, even if they do not know whe re they are from. These words were spoken in Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, at a pivotalRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War1463 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Stonewall† Jackson was alive in a very tense time for American History. The Southern States were in a full scale rebellion from the Union now calling themselves The Confederate States of America. The previously unified nation was split into two opposing sides going head to head in a battle to the death, with no end in sight. Starting his career in the US military, Jackson continued on to become one of the most famous generals in the American Civil War. Many historians consider him not only a strong leaderRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War1494 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War was a battle that took place in the United States from 1861 to 1865. This war ripped the entire country into two opposing sides and forced them to fight against each other due to differences in beliefs. Al though this War brought great tragedy across the entire nation, some refer to this time period as an American Revolution. But how could a time that caused mass amounts of death and terror be considered a period that revolutionized the country? By exploring this time period

Essay about Drug Testing Welfare Recipients - 1518 Words

Drug Testing Welfare Recipients: Unconstitutional â€Å"A closed mouth doesn’t get fed† is a saying that many people have heard throughout life. This saying was brought about to encourage people to ask for help if needed. But what happens when the open mouth asked to be fed, and instead of receiving help they are forced to be demeaned by going through a rigorous process that assumes that all applicants fall in to the category of drug addicts? Guilty until proven innocent is the message conveyed to persons requesting these services. Millions of dollars are spent each year on federally funded programs that are considered â€Å"welfare†. The types of services these programs offer include TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families), SNAP†¦show more content†¦Another clause in this bill states that if the applicant participates in a substance abuse program and does not test positive for at least half a year, they may continue to receive entitlements (Kelly, 2013). While the general opinion is that drug testing applicants will lower the number of recipients defrauding the government, most of the analysis that have been conducted for a one to two year timeframe show little improvements on the number of personnel receiving welfare benefits. In fact, most have shown that only a small percentage (2%) of recipients are failing the drug screening (Grovum, 2014). In other studies, such as the one conducted in Utah, documented that well over $30,000 was spent administering drug test to applicants (Grovum, 2014). The results showed that only 2.6% tested positive for illegal substance use (Grovum, 2014). For one to be forced to complete a drug screening, merely because they are asking for government assistance is unconstitutional. The fourth amendment of the United states Constitution states: â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized† (Goldman Cheeseman, 2011). This Amendment was put in place to protect citizens from warrantlessShow MoreRelatedDrug Testing Welfare Recipients1395 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2010, 17.5% of unemployed adults collecting some sort of welfare failed drug tests. In 2011, 23.8% of welfare recipients admitted to using illegal drugs, including marijuana. The problem the United States if facing is that welfare recipients are using the cash they are given to purchas e illegal drugs. Many of these people purchasing illegal drugs had prior illegal drug abuse problems and some of these people believe that since they are given this â€Å"free† money, they can continue on with these addictionsRead MoreDrug Testing For Welfare Recipients1347 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Since the reformation of welfare in 1996, nearly all states have attempted to pass legislation to require the use of drug testing among welfare recipients. Thirteen states have passed legislation and there are currently seven states testing applicants for drugs. The results have been somewhat anticlimactic, as the number of positive drug test results is lower than the national average. There are many concerns surrounding the issue of drug testing welfare recipients, including the cost, constitutionalityRead MoreDrug Testing Welfare Recipients913 Words   |  4 PagesIf the drug testing is implemented, of course, there will always be those who feel violated, but what about the taxpayer’s rights? Do they have that right to know how their money is being spent? The problem with this development is there are so many ways to cheat and test clean. In theory that is true, but in reality not so sure because there are different types of testing. The main one is urinating in a cup and we all know that can be tampered with, but what about the hair strand, how is that possibleRead MoreThe Drug Of Drug Testing Welfare Recipients912 Words   |  4 PagesDrug Testing Welfare Recipients To test or not to test has been has been the question at hand for many states that are dealing with whether or not to pass the law that welfare recipients should or should not be drug tested in order to receive assistance from the government. Florida was the first state to mandate the law in 2011 and thereafter twenty four other states in the last year have also passed this law in our own state of Oklahoma being one of them. Although alcohol is legal it is abused farRead MoreDrug Testing Welfare Recipients Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pagesin order to obtain a job, some people go through drug testing while drug and alcohol abusers receive free, no strings attached, financial assistance (see appendix A)? Food stamps and Medicaid are provided to low and no income Americans who would otherw ise do without. According to heritage.org, a majority of the illegal drug use in American adults is tied to unemployed citizens. While there are many people who disagree with testing welfare recipients, the truth is that the pros greatly outweigh theRead MoreShould Drug Testing Welfare Recipients? Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesuse of drugs is an immense problem in today’s society. The big question is, is it a problem within the welfare system? Drug use isn’t just a problem of poverty; it’s found among all groups and classes. As said in Jamelle Bouies article, The Myth of Drug Use and Welfare, â€Å"The myth of welfare recipients spending their benefits on drugs is just that—a myth. And indeed, in Utah, only 12 people out of 466—or 2.5 percent—showed evidence of drug use after a mandatory screening.† Drug testing welfare recipientsRead MoreMandatory Drug Testing For Welfare Recipients1526 Words   |  7 PagesBreez Arann Ms. Holiday English 12 11/04/15 Mandatory Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients When the United States’ welfare program was created during the Great Depression, it was meant to temporarily relieve the burdens of the one-fourth of American families who were unemployed, and struggling financially. President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the Social Security Act in 1935, then amended it in 1939 to create programs to assist families with unemployment compensation, and to create government agenciesRead MoreMandatory Drug Testing For Welfare Recipients1613 Words   |  7 Pagestime-welfare reform. New screening processes, often considered a direct violation of constitutional rights, have already been enacted in many states. Strong evidence exists, asserting that the practice of administering drug testing to welfare recipients will cost the U.S. taxpayers more money in the long run, stigmatize applicants and participants, and serve only the purpose of making the pharmaceutical companies more powerful. In order to protect the constitutional rights of potential we lfare recipientsRead MoreShould Drug Testing Welfare Recipients?1679 Words   |  7 Pageswho test positive for drugs should be able to receive welfare. It was an argument that flooded social media, arguments filling comments with opinions. It is a subject that continues to be discussed within our peer groups, our communities, and our states. 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Analysis Of Fight Club And The Girl With The Dragon

How David Fincher uses colour in the film Fight Club and how this is used to influence the viewer. Colour in film is very important, it can change the mood of the film, influence viewers emotions as they watch, can be used as symbolism and can even teach the viewer in a very short time to expect something to happen when a certain colour is shown. The Director of Fight club and other films such as Se7en and the Girl with the Dragon tattoo, David Fincher is very well known for working closely with the cinematographer and his post production team to tightly control the colour in his films and being quite innovative in his techniques to achieve better quality of colour and control over his films. David Fincher, the director of Fight Club is well known for the certain look of his films as he has developed his own signature style, sometimes called reality enhanced as his style is natural lighting but in a new almost HD way. He uses techniques such as LED lighting, the films are dark and dank but colourful at the same time. As a usual template it seems he de-saturates the picture then depending on the mood of the scene he warms up or cools off the image often times he uses blue in the shadows to add depth and to retain the crisp blackness and teal to the highlights this shows a strong understanding of how colours work together. In Fight Club, David Fincher uses his usual hues of blacks, greys and browns but also adds in yellows, blues and greens. 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John Coltrane free essay sample

This study documents and analyzes cyclic patterns used as melodic vocabulary in John Chlorates improvisations from compositions of 1965 to 1967. The analysis is categorized in two distinct sections. The first section analyzes melodic vocabulary that Is derived from the cycle of descending major thirds progressions found In the compositions of 1 959 to 1960. The second section analyzes melodic vocabulary that is derived from Nicolas Solemnitys Thesaurus of Scales and Melodic Patterns using the theoretical terminology incorporated In the treatise. Musical examples consist of patterns from the Thesaurus and excerpts from selected Improvisations of John Coloration as transcribed by Andrew White. Important scholarly contributions relevant to the subject by Carl Hollowed, Lewis Porter, David Dempsey, and Walt Whiskies are Included. Every effort has been made to cite Interviews with musicians and commentaries by writers contemporary to that period of time with special emphasis on the Important influence of Theologies Monk, Males Davis, and Ornate Coleman. John William Chlorate was born in Hamlet, North Carolina, on September 23, 1926.Two months later, his family moved to High Point, North Carolina, where he lived in a fairly well-to-do part of town. He grew up in a typical southern black family, deeply religious, and steeped in tradition. Both of his parents were musicians, his father played the violin and ukulele, and his mother was a member of the church choir. For several years. Young Chlorate played the clarinet. However with mild Interest. It was only after he heard the great alto saxophonist Johnny Hodges playing with the Duke Longtime band on the radio, that he became passionate about music.He dropped the Loraine and took up the alto saxophone, soon becoming very accomplished. When Chlorate was thirteen, he experienced several tragedies that would leave a lasting Impression on him and would have a great Impact on the music of his later years. Within a year, his father, his uncle, and his minister all died. He lost every important male influence in his life. After graduating from high school in High Point, he moved to Philadelphia in 1943, where he lived in a small one-room apartment and worked as a laborer in a sugar-refinery.For a year, Chlorate attended Orenstein School of Music. Then in 1945, he was drafted into the Navy and sent to Hawaii where he was assigned to play clarinet In a band called the Melody Makers. Upon his return from Hawaii a year later, Chlorate launched his music career. With all those years of constant practice in High Point behind him, possessing a powerful inner strength from being raised in a deeply religious family, and with a foundation in musical theory and an innate curiosity about life, Chlorate was well prepared to seriously enter a battle. In small bars and clubs around Philadelphia. It became a tradition in many of the clubs at this time for musicians to walk the bar (I. . To walk on top of the bar while playing ones instrument). Chlorate was ashamed of having to go through this display every night. To any serious musician, it was an incredibly humiliating experience to someone like Chlorate, who was developing a type of religious fervor for his music, it was devastating. In addition to the negative self-image this experience engendered, critics criticized his music as being too bizarre.Chlorate became very depressed, and searching for a way out, he turned to heroin. Heroin was a very popular drug among black musicians in the forties. It was a uniting force that, initially, brought them together, but in the end caused lives and careers to disintegrate. In 1949, Dizzy Gillespie invited Chlorate to play in his big band. Gillespie had been a very influential and important figure in the bebop movement. Bebop was a style of jazz, popular during the late thirties and forties. It incorporated faster tempos, and more complex phrases than the Jazz of earlier years.For the first time in many years, Chlorate felt some sense of stability in his life. However, after a two-year stint with Gillespie, Chlorate was asked to leave because of his unreliability due to his heroin addiction. Again, Chlorate was reduced to walking the bar, and playing in seedy clubs. Depressed and dejected, his addiction grew. It was during this time that Chlorate became very interested in eastern philosophies. When he was not studying or playing he spent most of his time reading and attempting to satisfy his growing philosophical curiosity about life.It was an inborn curiosity to a certain extent, but one that had also developed from events from his early life such as his religious upbringing, and the early deaths of the most important men in his life. Life was getting back on track for him, as he finally felt the influence f positive forces. At this time, he met Anima, a Moslem woman, and an able musician. More than anyone, she was able to help Chlorate pick up the broken pieces of his life. They were soon married. In the mid-flies, he was invited to play with Miles Davis and his quintet.The collaboration that developed would change his life. Miles Davis had received acclaim at the Newport Jazz Festival in 1955. Davis was dubbed the rising star of the new avian-garden movement, cool Jazz. Cool Jazz was a striking contrast to the more traditional Jazz popular during the forties. It emphasized experimentation with hordes, keys, and modes, improvising on scales rather than on sequences of chords, producing music that at times was very bizarre. This new movement was the beginning of an experimental stage of Jazz that was very popular during the sixties.The partnership between Davis and Chlorate proved to be an incredible learning experience for Chlorate. He began to develop a style distinctly his own. Chlorate poured out streams of notes with velocity and passion, exploring every melodic idea, no matter how exotic. This became known as Chlorates sheets of sound period, in which he would explore the scales of the saxophone at a speed that no one had ever The Davis band did very well for a time, and made several recordings; however, in late 1956, Chlorate was fired from the band because of his debilitating heroin addiction. At this point, Chlorate almost gave up music. He actually went to the New York Post Office, and filled out an application to be a postman. He and Anima moved from New York to Philadelphia in November of that year and lived in his mothers house there. Again, his life reached a low. Drugs and alcohol controlled him. Chlorate legalized at this point that he needed to choose between drugs or music. He chose music. For two-weeks, he locked himself in his room and went through a very painful withdrawal. When he left that room, he was a cured man, and never touched heroin or alcohol again.During those two weeks, Chlorate had undergone a spiritual rebirth that would send him on his quest to find the mysterious sound . This transformation was documented on his album A Love Supreme (1964), considered by many to be the best recording of his solo career. On the album cover, Chlorate wrote- During the year 1957, I experienced, by the grace of God, a spiritual awakening which has guided me to a richer, fuller, more productive life. At that time, in gratitude, I humbly asked to be given the means and privilege to make others happy through music. I feel this has been granted through His grace. ALL PRAISE TO GOD. The album is divided into four parts: Acknowledgment, Resolution, Pursuance, and Psalm. Each part details a different element of his spiritual Journey. Chlorates God was not Christian, Muslim, or Jewish; his God was simply a force that provided unity and harmony. He believed that his humanity, his music, the material world, and God were all one, and that feeling of unity governed his life. In 1957, Chlorate embarked on the most important learning experience of his life an apprenticeship with the High Priest of Bebop, Telethons Monk.Chlorates style had been developed with Miles Davis, but it was still somewhat reserved. With Monk, he was transformed into a legend. Monk would provide Chlorate with the key to unlock all sorts of musical doors and free the dark and the beautiful visions Chlorate had seen throughout his life. With the Telethons Monk quartet, Chlorate learned many techniques that he incorporated into his distinctive style. Instead of concentrating on he melodies, the group focused on the harmonic structure of a song. At this time, Chlorate was stronger than ever.With his mature style, and new sobriety, he was ready to set out on his own. At the end of 1958, Telethons Monk disbanded the group; Chlorate was about to set out on one of the most highly regarded solo careers in the history of Jazz. In the same year, he recorded over twenty different albums with various artists, and though not famous yet, was widely respected by his fellow musicians. His most important work from this period was Blue Trance (1957), one of the first of his albums that would be ideal acclaimed. Critics began to laud him, and regularly gave him good reviews.In 1957, Doom Circle wrote in Down Beat magazine His playing is constantly tense and searching; always a thrilling experience. After the dissolution of Monks group, The Jazz world of the sixties belonged to Chlorate. He pushed the limits of music, while attracting ever-bigger audiences. It was during this time that Chlorate searched for the mysterious sound. He once said that the sound for which he was searching was like holding a seashell to his ear. However one describes the strange sound, it notation some essential truth for him, existing as an omnipresent background hum behind the fade of everyday life. With the John Chlorate quartet (pianist McCoy Toner, drummer Elvin Jones, and Reggae Workman on bass), he incorporated tribal music from Africa, India, and the Middle East with that of the new avian-garden movement, free Jazz. Free Jazz or the New Thing, like the counter-culture of the sixties, was a nonconformist movement. It purposely avoided the structured sounds of the cool Jazz and bebop movements. Instead, it was devoid of any structure, direction, or tonality, and was characterized by random improvisation.As the sixties progressed, Chlorate experimented more and more with different combinations of sounds and instruments. He became obsessed with trying to communicate his musical vision. In 1968, Alice Chlorate (his wife at the time) stated l think what he was trying to do in music was the same thing he was trying to do in his life. That was to universalism his music, his life, his religion. It was all based on a universal concept, all-sectarian or non-sectarian. In the mid-sixties, Chlorate began to take LSI fairly regularly, in an effort to help him explore in greater depth both himself and his music.For Chlorate and his quest, LSI was a remarkable tool to dig deeper into his own being so he could discover the essential and absolute truth at the center of his being. Long time fans, however, viewed his music in this period as being too radical, and too far-out. Chlorate felt he was losing control over his music; his experimentation was so far-ranging on that he did not know in what direction he wanted to go. Through it all, he never abandoned the search for the mysterious sound. In late 1966, Chlorate knew that there was something wrong with him. He didnt feel right, and by early 1967, he stopped performing in public.He knew that his death was imminent. In May of 1967, Chlorate was taken to the hospital, suffering from extreme stomach pain. He was ordered to stay at the hospital, but left anyway. On Monday, July 17, he passed away. The cause was liver cancer. John Chlorates music both led the way and reflected the enormous varieties of experimentation and development of American Jazz of the sasss and asss. Today, his influence is heard in the recordings of almost every young Jazz musician. A man of mysticism, whose life was dedicated to sharing his vision of music with others, Chlorate was clearly a creative genius.

Georgia Okeefe Essays (1156 words) - Georgia OKeeffe, Precisionism

Georgia O'keefe * Georgia O'Keeffe is one of the most influential artists there is today. Her works are valued highly and are quite beautiful and unique. As a prominent American artist, Georgia O'Keeffe is famous for her images of gigantic flowers, city-scapes and distinctive desert scenes. All of these different phases represent times in her life. Throughout the seventy years of her creative career, Georgia O'Keeffe continually made some of the most original contributions to the art of our time. As Georgia O'Keeffe's awareness of her sexuality heightened, she started to paint marvelous original abstractions in exuberant rainbows or colors. These colors seemed to celebrate her happiness. One of her paintings Music--Pink and Blue I, she encircles a blue vaginal void with pulsating waves of rippling pink and white. There is always so much that you can get from a picture. Everyone that looks at it will definitely have a different interpretation of what they see in it. The white sizing under the smooth surface makes the colors luminate in Music--Pink and Blue I. The two oval shapes bring out the sea, sky, and other images. The central form is a little more complex. The left archway uses blues and pinks alternately. On the inner edge of the arch, pink hues mix in to rose with gray edges. The warm colors and lines are controlled yet fluid. As the title tells, an inner and outer harmony is reached. Georgia O'Keeffe's Black Iris is noted for its sensual suggestiveness, but she insisted that she was representing the flower itself. She even flatly denied that the flower was a metaphor for female genitalia. O'Keeffe's flowers were painted frontally and revealingly had the effect of making the human beings who stood in front of them become smaller. The observer feels like Alice after she had imbibed the 'Drink Me' phial wrote a reviewer in amusement. The size of the bloom relative to a human really reflected the relative importance of nature and mankind in the artist's eyes. Georgia O'Kee ffe painted everything from lilies, jonquils, daisies, irises, sweet peas, morning glories, poppies, forget-me-nots, marigolds, poinsettias, orchids, sunflowers, petunias, marigolds, and many more were reborn in her paintings. O'Keeffe wasn't happy because people looked at her paintings and tried to see them in the way of a female. She said, Well--I made you take time to look at what I saw and when you took time to really notice my flower you hung all your own associations with flowers on my flower and you write about my flower as if I think and see what you think and see of the flower--and I don't. She did not like the idea that people thought she painted the way she did because she was a female. She painted that way because that was how she saw things. The flowers that she created epitomize her growth, success, magnetism, and energy at that certain stage in her career. Her choice to paint these flowers was influenced by her early training, natural attraction to flowers, and the id ea of something fresh and fragile. Close observations of O'Keeffe's flowers show that she never really pursued the realistic approach. She didn't paint every petal and detail. Instead she gave her flowers a life of their own, and expression that changed significantly between 1918 and 1938. Her red canna painting gradually enlarged the central flower image and brought it closer to the edges of the canvas. Between 1926 and 1929 she painted a group of views of New York City. New York Night transforms skyscrapers into patterned, glittering structures that deny their volume. Most of these buildings were further simplified in her paintings and O'Keeffe was even able to find tranquility in them that contrasted with the urban environment. The city was a major theme in her work only between these years. During this time she produced some twenty-five paintings and drawings of urban scenery. This paintings are divided into three registers: the darkened water towers and irregular rooflines of t he east side of Manhattan, the calm waters of the East River, and the jagged piers and smoggy covered factory smokestacks of Long Island City. It was a trip to New Mexico in 1929 that

A Doll House marriage essays

A Doll House marriage essays Dramatists use marriage in their works to demonstrate the emotional struggle it takes for two people to stay truly in love. There are three main qualities of marriage: communication, love in action, and selflessness. Ibsen clearly portrays these qualities in his play, A Doll House. In this play, the two main characters going through a marital struggle are Nora and Torvald. The actions they take throughout this play determine the fate of their marriage. Communication is a big part of marriage. If there is no communication in a marriage it is much harder to stay in love with the other person. Toward the end of the play, Nora discovers her lack of communication with Torvald. Torvald likes to keep himself distant from Nora. He has his own study which she is not allowed to enter unless she asks his permission. Most of the conversation seen throughout the play is Torvald calling her his little squirrel and other pet names. At the very end of the play, Nora herself admits that they have not once had a real conversation in their eight years of marriage. This lack of communication causes Nora to take one step closer to the door. Another main part of marriage is love in action. These are the actions one takes because of the love they possess for their partner. Nora demonstrates this in one of her visits with Dr. Rank. Nora and Dr. Rank have been close friends for many years. He comes to her house to visit her just about everyday. On one visit, however, things did not go as they normally do. While sitting together Dr. Rank tells Nora that he loves her and that he has always loved her. He asks her if she will go with him, because she doesn't seem happy with Torvald. Nora loves Dr. Rank, but just as a friend. She couldn't think of being unfaithful to Torvald and leaving him for another man. Even though she wasn't fully happy there she decided to stay for Torvald. Nora may have considered the love she devoted to him as she took her final st ...

How does the abuse of drugs affect families (break them) Essay

How does the abuse of drugs affect families (break them) - Essay Example There are moms like Charlotte Sanders (2006) who experimented with drugs at 16 but took methamphetamines as a regular habit in her twenties in order to cope with the pressures of motherhood; or Lynn Smith, who resorted to drugs as an actress in New York; or even Mike Shirley, a father of a family. In 2004, more than 3.5 million persons who were 18 years old or over admitted that they had, at some point in their life, taken at least one injection of an illegal drug. (National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC), 2006). The NDIC also reports that drug abuse in the US is cost it $181 billion in 2002 alone, and that amount continues to rise every year. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) defines drug addiction as â€Å"a chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences.† It must be understood that, under this definition, specialized agencies such as the NIDA and the NIDC classify alcoholism and smoking as forms of substance abuse classifiable as drug addiction. Regular use of alcohol and nicotine, the so-called â€Å"legal drugs,† are prone to abuse with the same resultant effects as narcotic abuse. Also, prescription drugs are also prone to abuse when the user administers them in the inappropriate amounts, or resorts to their regular use even when the reason or medical condition that required their use no longer exists. Recently, more teens have been experimenting with combinations of prescription drugs that increases the danger of fatalities due to toxic reactions of drugs with each other. (Buddy T., 2007). Rather than being viewed as mere socially deviant behaviour, drug addiction is viewed by the medical community as a disease. Drugs alter the brain’s structure and the way it works, usually with permanent effects when left untreated. Initially, the individual embarks on his first drug trip out of curiosity and

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development in Thank You for Smoking (2005) Essay

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development in Thank You for Smoking (2005) - Essay Example Some of the characters in the film swing across these moral stages, depending on their changing goals and target audiences. Characters in â€Å"Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment† display morality that comes from following authority (Crain, 1985). Nick Naylor (Aaron Eckhart) shows Stage 1 morality because he is initially focused on what his boss and company think is right. Instead of following the government or traditional social norms, Naylor follows the goals and norms of his company and boss. Naylor’s boss BR (J.K. Simmons) seeks for ideas on making smoking a more lucrative business. He tells Naylor: â€Å"We don't sell Tic Tacs, we sell cigarettes. And they’re cool, available, and addictive† (Sacks & Reitman, 2005). Naylor responds with a recommendation of product placement in the movies. He is responding to the pressure of doing what is right, based on what his company demands from him. Furthermore, Naylor displays loyalty to his boss, even when the latter does something wrong. BR steals Naylor’s idea of product placement in the movies and presents it to Captain (Rob ert Duvall) as his own. Naylor does not correct Captain anymore for fear of reprisal. Morality, in this stage, is â€Å"external† to the people, and not something they feel they must be personally responsible for, so they follow their bosses as the basis of their morality (Crain, 1985). Aside from Stage 1, characters in Thank You for Smoking exhibit morality in â€Å"Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange,† when they focus on the relativity of morals and the importance of making compromises to gain something. Naylor shifts to Stage 2, when he explains to his son that being right heavily relies on one’s argumentation skills. He tells his son: â€Å"That’s the beauty of argument, if you argue correctly, you're never wrong.† Morality is relative to the person doing the argumentation and his/her persuasiveness. Furthermore, flexible morality is another indicator of an individualistic approach to morality. Naylor admits to his son that to be in his job, he must have â€Å"flexible morals† (Sacks & Reitman, 2005). Flexible morals allow him to stay unaffected of the negative views on tobacco smoking. Jeff Megall (Rob Lowe) is another example of someone who manifests Stage 2 because he is not concerned of maintaining the social order or universal principles. Megall emphasizes that individuals have different opinions, so he calls himself a â€Å"facilitator† because â€Å"people decide for themselves† (Sacks & Reitman, 2005). He believes in the individual differences of morality and does not judge them. Heather Holloway (Katie Holmes) illustrates Stage 1 morality too because she exchanges something to gain another. She enters into a sexual affair with Naylor, so that she can access and expose his secrets as a reporter (Sacks & Reitman, 2005). These are examples of people, who believe in individualistic views of morality, as well as the flexibility needed to undergo social transactions for the purposes of personal gai n. The next stage is â€Å"Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships,† and characters show this level of morality, when they do what is good based on what their family and community value as good behaviors (Crain, 1985). Naylor wants to be a better father to his son. In order to do this, he thinks that it is right to spend more time with him. Joey’s mother and stepfather are alarmed of what he is learning and inhaling from his father, but Naylor does not care, because he simply wants to have more quality time with Joey (Sacks

Eth125 R8 Diversity Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Eth125 R8 Diversity Worksheet Essay Answer each question in 50 to 150 words. Provide citations for all the sources you use. 1. What is diversity? Why is diversity valued? Diversity means different. This can be a difference in cultures, goals, values, lifestyles, and ideas. There is not two people that will think or live alike. We need to learn to accept that others will do things and think different then we do. It is important to value our diversity in order to be able to work together. 2. What is ethnocentrism? In what ways can ethnocentrism be detrimental to a society? Ethnocentrism is where people believe that they are better than others in an ethnic group, but it can also develop from racial or religious differences. This can cause problem by leading to false opinions about different cultures, maybe causing communication problems. 3. Define emigration and immigration. Emigration is where people are exported from a country whether it is voluntary or not. Immigration is where people are coming into a new country to live as a permanent resident. Reasons that people might leave a country for one to another is that there may not be jobs there and even war can make people want to leave. 4. What are some of the ways groups of people are identified? There are four ways that groups are identified and they are race, religion, gender, and ethnicity. Racial group refers to minorities that are socially set apart because of obvious physical differences. Some examples would be the color of skin, the color of hair and maybe even the amount hair on the body. Religion groups vary worldwide. People should not be judged on the religion that they believe in. With gender it is said that males are the social majority and the women are the social minority. Ethnic groups are different because of the way cultural differences such as the food that they eat, the way that they raise their children, the language that they speak ,and even the way that they look at being married to somebody. 5. Why do people label and group other people? I would think that the reasons why people put others down would be that they want to make themselves look better and feel better about themselves. This can have a positive or negative effect on the person and the one that it is directed at. If it is positive it can help lead to the person or the group getting more confidence. If it is negative then it can lead to the group or individual becoming withdrawn from shame or bullying. 6. Define culture. Is culture limited to racial and ethnic backgrounds? Explain. The definition of culture is the characteristics of a certain group of people defined by everything such as the language they speak, the types of music that they listen to, the type of food that they eat, and the religion that they practice and believe in. I do not believe that it is limited to racial and ethnic backgrounds because every group is different in the way that they live and there is not right way or wrong way to live. Racial and Ethnic Groups (13th ed.) (Schaefer) chapter 1.

Borgmann’s Proposal to Reform Technology Essay -- Philosophy Albert Bo

Borgmann’s Proposal to Reform Technology Albert Borgmann follows the general project by Heidegger to see how technology has harmful effects on humanity and to determine how it can be reformed. Borgmann shares Heidegger’s view that modern technology is starkly different from premodern technology in its pattern of disclosing the world to human beings. Borgmann agrees that a sort of ethical reform must be undertaken to limit technological ways of living from dominating the lives of individuals and to keep technology in its place. His proposal for a direction of reform first takes cues from Heidegger but then asserts the need for different tactics. First, we look at Borgmann’s chapter "Focal Things and Practices." Here he names the things that matter in directing human lives "focal." Focal things contribute to the direction and ordering of one’s life in a productive way, and they disclose the world and illuminate the context of themselves and their related life activities. He actually uses a lot of verbs to convey the sense of focus with which he is concerned, so no one terse definition is given. Borgmann agrees with Heidegger that the simple kinds of things are those that focus a gathering of information about the world and benefit human beings by highlighting important life concerns, though he thinks that Heidegger sees the use of these things as too much an escape from technology rather than an affirmation of it. These simple, focal things are premodern objects, such as Heidegger’s example of an earthen jug, or even activities. The jug gathers and discloses the world because it is made of the earth and is used to store wine from grapes that grow in the earth; furthermore, the jug is used in the human context of tradition, ... ... things and practices are without being misguided by the level of a thing’s technological complexity. It seems that if focal practices engage certain elements but technology does not in principle exclude those elements, both of which Borgmann agrees, then it is not necessary to maintain Borgmann’s criticism of modern technological things. His concern is the pattern in which technology is currently engaged, and he has not at all made it clear how the troublesome disunities and commodities are necessarily related to the products of modern technology. We need to find the essential features of focal concerns and apply them to a reform proposal without Borgmann’s intermediate complications. Bibliography Borgmann, Albert. "Focal Things and Practices." Philosophy of Technology. Ed. Robert C. Scharff and Val Dusek. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2003. 293-312.

Problem and solution essay: Drinking and Driving Essay

People all around the world drink and they also drive. But driving under the influence of alcohol is a very dangerous, risk taking thing to do, not just to the drivers, but to the passengers and pedestrians as well. When people consume alcohol, their normal functioning of the brain impairs, thus increasing the chances of having a fatal accident when chosen to drive. According to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 40% of the car accidents in the year 2002 were alcohol related in US. That is about 17,419 deaths. This meant that in average, every 30 minutes someone was killed in a car accident that was relating alcohol. The legal limit of Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) for drivers at the age of 21 or older is .08 percent. For drivers under the age of 21, the legal limit of BAC is .01 percent. But this does not mean that it is safe to drive when your BAC is .08 percent or even .01 percent. Any amount of of BAC is a risk to drive. Studies show that states or countries with lower BAC limit has far less alcohol related accidents. If you go over the legal limit of BAC, you would get fined large amounts of money to jail time, depending how high the BAC is. Making the BAC limit lower might just prevent the accidents that killed hundreds of innocent people. Drinking alcohol has effect on the brain. First, it will fill cozy, warm and relaxing feeling. Then into judgment impairment, little use of slurred speech, and reason and caution are impaired. After that, there will be increase impairment of judgment, then to slow reflection, and more use of slurred speech. Next memory and comprehension are abnormally functioning, then blurred vision, to vomiting and instability to stand. Finally, if more alcohol are consumed, result unconsciousness, coma and to even death. So not drinking at all would be the best solution as it will be good for your health and not taking any risk of having a fatal accident. But, for people who have to have a drink, people who can’t live with out alcohol, they are prone to consume alcohol and make a decision to drive to their destination or not. This might be hard for some people, but leaving their car and taking an alternative transportation would be the smartest, and also the safest way to get to the destination. It is much more important  to get to the destination with their life then by loosing one’s life or taking a life of another and not get there at all. There are problems that are just incorrigible and there are problems that can be prevented or solved. We should do any means to solve any corrodible problems in any ways. It might save one or it might save thousands of lives. Drinking and driving is making a death wish. It’s not only the drivers that are risking their lives, but they, as in drivers, are risking other lives as well. Not driving when influenced by alcohol might save one’s life and a life of another. Maybe, it might not be a big deal to some people who believe this will not happen to them, are gambling with their lives.

Essay on “Dark Film” and Sunset Blvd. - 1072 Words

Film noir, by translation alone, means dark film, and by that measurement Sunset Boulevard certainly fits the genre. A gloomy story that follows a jaded and sarcastic protagonist, Joe Gillis from his initial dire circumstances to his untimely death, Sunset Blvd. earns the description â€Å"dark† several times over. But there is more to film noir than crushingly depressing plotlines. There are common motifs and icons that are found in most film noirs, such as crime, dark alleys, guns and alcohol. Deeper than this, film noir features certain visual elements, character archetypes, and themes that create a unique style of film. Although some have argued that Sunset Blvd. fails to represent some of these elements, it has become known as one of the†¦show more content†¦Every piece of imagery, down to Norma Desmond’s clutching, claw-like hands is geared toward eliciting an ominous and menacing feel. In frame #4, a long shot gives a view into Norma’s mansion. He r multitudes of portraits litter the area, and despite the large size of the room an oppressive, low key lighting results in a close, claustrophobic atmosphere. The gothic style architecture and arching windows along with the cluttered interior convey a feeling of something that once was great but has fallen into disrepair. All this creates a perfect metaphor for Norma’s fading fame and career, which is the main purpose of the settings in film noirs. The dark themes and sinister storylines are mirrored with great attention to detail in the visual aspects of a film noir. Film noir employs several character archetypes to tell a story. Cultural changes and shifts in gender roles of post WWII America unsettled men when many women refused to regress back into traditional housewife tasks. This fear was manifested in cinema’s femme fatale. Deceptive and manipulative, femme fatales were there to seduce, betray, and destroy the film noir hero. Norma, along with being deranged, is all of these things. She is at home in her eerie film noir setting. Her movements showing her as a self absorbed echo of her career in silent era films and her voice and facial expressions set the listener on edge. Joe GillisShow MoreRelated Sunset Blvd. Essay2137 Words   |  9 Pages The Thematic Intentions of Sunset Boulevard nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The film Sunset Boulevard directed by Billy Wilder and staring the main characters of Norma Desmond, Joe Gillis, and Max Von Mayerling is ideal example of how important film making techniques help depict a movie’s core theme intentions with vivid clarity. Classic Hollywood is the first thing that comes to mind when one speaks about this film’s style. This signature category combined with the visual style of realism and it’sRead MoreSunset Boulevard by Billy Wilder: A Movie Description2155 Words   |  9 PagesThe Thematic Intentions of Sunset Boulevard The film Sunset Boulevard directed by Billy Wilder and staring the main characters of Norma Desmond, Joe Gillis, and Max Von Mayerling is ideal example of how important film making techniques help depict a movies core theme intentions with vivid clarity. Classic Hollywood is the first thing that comes to mind when one speaks about this films style. This signature category combined with the visual style of realism and its continuity editing; detailedRead MoreHollywood History5698 Words   |  23 Pagesthe Story Film† 4. The Hollywood sign 5. The growing film industry 6. The new Hollywood 7. The beginning of the Academy Awards 8. The Golden Age of Hollywood 9. Hollywood during the War Years 10. Stars Conclusion Bibliography Foreword I have always been fascinated by the Hollywood’s world, a world of mixture between reality and glittering fantasy, of beauty, glamour, art, a world in which any dream can come to reality. The word Hollywood conjures the outstanding images of Sunset Strip,